学生同士で行う採血演習の効果と課題 : 注射法の看護技術習得に実技試験を取り入れて

注射法の看護技術について2007年度より実技試験を行い,その後学生の技術到達度を調査し,また学生同士で実際に注射針を刺入する技術である採血の演習での学びを明らかにすることで,身体侵襲を伴う看護技術の教授方法の検討を行った。その結果以下のことが明らかになった。(1)実技試験を取り入れることにより,できると回答した学生が皮下注射で36.9%増,筋肉注射29.3%増,静脈注射で11.8%増,経口与薬6.1%増,点滴静脈注射9.1%増加し,学生が繰り返し練習を重ねることができ,技術習得に繋がった。(2)採血については差が見られなかったため,学生の学びの内容分析を行ったところ,8カテゴリーに分類できた。学生は採血の演習で,実際に学生同士で初めて人体に針を刺すということでかなり緊張し,【不安・緊張から焦って】いるが,反面患者役の学生からの声かけや側に教員がいることやモデルで十分練習したことにより,【落ちついて安心してできて】いることがうかがわれた。また,採血時の学習目標と一致した学びができており,採血演習を通して,テクニックだけではなく,知識・技術・態度を伴った援助技術を習得したいと考えていることがうかがわれた。A practical skill test of techniques related to injection was introduced in 2007, and the level of technical skill achieved by students in a course, was surveyed. Learning by blood-sampling practice, in which students inserted a needle into each other, was clarified to investigate the instruction method of nursing techniques with physical invasiveness, and the following findings were obtained: 1) Incorporation of a practical skill test increased the number of students who answered that they were able to perform subcutaneous injection by 36.9%, intramuscular injection by 29.3%, intravenous injection by 11.8%, oral drug administration by 6.1%, and intravenous drip infusion by 9.1%. Students could repeatedly practice, leading to the mastering of techniques. 2) Since no difference was noted in blood sampling, the contents learned by students were analyzed, and could be classified into 8 categories. Students were quite nervous about inserting a needle into a human body on sampling blood from each other because it was their first experience. They were \u27hasty due to anxiety and nervousness\u27, but practiced \u27calmly and feeling relieved\u27 because students playing a patient\u27s roll encouraged the blood-drawing partner, the instructor stood by, and they practiced effectively using a model. Students learned the required techniques by the blood-sampling practice, and they wished to master not only skills but also assistive techniques accompanied by knowledge, skills, and attitude through such practice