The Big Stick In Turkey: American Diplomacy and Naval Operations Against the Ottoman Empire, 1903-1904

A turn-of-the-century single issue group in American politics was the Christian missionary societies. Their influence, the reported assassination of an American diplomat in Beirut, an impending presidential election, and a Turkish Pasha unwilling to receive the American Minister because of important visits to the harem gave Theodore Roosevelt an opportunity to demonstrate American seapower. If its lessons were lost on Turkey, they weren\u27t in the capitals of Europe