Guidance and recommendations for posttreatment of desalinated water

This article reports on research conducted to develop guidelines on posttreatment of membrane-desalted water. Although literature on posttreatment exists, there are fundamental knowledge gaps on accepted posttreatment finished water quality goals related to location, source water, and membrane processes. Guidance and recommendations were developed in response to identified information gaps and priority issues regarding post-treatment design and operation (including characterization of permeate water quality), required pilot-study and posttreatment evaluations, and increased system monitoring once process operations have begun. Finished water quality goals and posttreatment processes were developed according to type of source water and membrane process and are recommended on the basis of available literature, industry experience, and research findings