Strength and ductility of concrete encased composite columns

Concrete encased composite column design provisions of the American Concrete Institute Code (ACI 318), AISC-LRFD Specification, and the AISC Seismic Provisions are reviewed and evaluated based on fiber section analyses that account for the inelastic behavior of steel and concrete, including the effects of strength and confinement on the concrete\u27s stress-strain properties. Trial column designs are analyzed to evaluate their strength and ductility as a function of the ratio bf structural steel to gross column area, the nominal compression strength of concrete, and confinement of concrete by seismic hoop reinforcing. The analyses highlight known differences in the calculated nominal strength requirements between the ACI 318 and AISC-LRFD provisions and suggest a review of criteria used to establish the limits of the provisions. Compared to columns with low-to medium-strength concrete, columns with high-strength concrete(f\u27(c) = 110 MPa) are shown to rely to a greater degree on hoop reinforcement to provide the necessary ductility fbr seismic design