農村における家族変動の一考察 : 京都府綾部市黒谷の事例

The aim of this study is to make clear the relationship between the family change and the rural employment structure caused by the rapid economic growth after the 1960s through twice rural researches in 1972 and 1995 at a rural community. A selected village is Kurotani located in Ayabe City in Kyoto Prefecture and it is a famous papermaking village from the Muromachi period. The results we have had are as follows: 1) Kurotani has experienced the rapid decrease population of 30% and the increase of the old over 65 years population of 30% between 1972 and 1995. 2) The Number of papermaking household has rapidly decreased and the engaging persons of papermaking are only old people. Many members of household are employees in the area of Ayabe and Maizuru and other members have gone to outer village to get their job. 3) As a result, the nuclear family is the dominant type from 1972 to 1995 (52.7% and 54%) and the number of aged conjugal family has been increasing rapidly from 2 cases in 1972 to 14 cases in 1995. 4) We analyzed the adaptation process of family and kinship organisation in relation to the actual conditions of lineal continuity in Ie (the Japanese traditional family) and its consciousness. We can understand that the dominant type of family is the nuclear family and Ie consciousness is regressive and weaker than some general agricultural village that I have researched. 5) There are two coexisting types of family dynamics, namely one type is the stem family through maintaining three generations continuity and another type is the nuclear family through maintaining one or two generations. 6) Dozoku Organisation (Kabu) and kindred are coexisted structurally, but personal kindred is more dominant than Dozoku organisation functionally. 7) The reason that the family and kinship organisation in Kutotani have the traditional norm and maintained its structure and function is prescribed with the traditional rural structure that has the character of corporate group. Accordingly we can grasp the change of family and kinship organisation in a rural community through twice rural researches in 1972 and 1995