According to the Buddhist law of causality, the life span of each person depends on what he or she did in the past, and even the Buddha cannot interfere in it. It follows that Buddhists are not interested in life extension. The Yakusikyau (藥師經), however, refers to exceptional cases. Death can occur though the time has not yet come. Such death can be avoided by a spell, as it is not caused by previous acts. This kyau (經) gives a list of nine kinds of “untimely death” (akala-marana /横死). Nos. 4 and 5 of this list, “death by drowning” (溺死) and “death by fire” (焼死) attracted the attention of the Japanese and were transferred to the list of “sins of this world” (國ツ罪) in the Kwautaizinguu-gisikityau (皇太神宮儀式帳). These new items are called “k...