YIELD BEET DEPENDING ON SOWING TIME FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTION IN WESTERN STEPPES OF UKRAINE

 Інтенсифікація сільського господарства має негативний вплив не лише на навколишнє середовище, але і виснажує природні ресурси, без яких ведення сільськогосподарського виробництва неможливе. Органічне виробництво має очевидну перевагу для довкілля та здоров’я людей. У статті висвітлені результати досліджень з вивчення залежності урожайності коренеплодів буряка столового сортів Бордо харківський і Циліндра від строків сівби. Урожайність буряка столового залежить від строків сівби. Оптимальним строком для сівби буряка столового є І-а та 2-а декада травня. За однакових кліматичних умов, складу ґрунту та температури, буряк столовий сорту Циліндра формує більшу врожайність на 6,1 т/га ніж сорт Бордо харківський. Стабільність сорту Бордо харківський є вищою, порівняно із сортом Циліндра.  Интенсификация сельского хозяйства имеет негативное влияние не только на окружающую среду, но и истощает природные ресурсы, без которых ведение сельскохозяйственного производства невозможно. Органическое производство имеет преимущество для окружающей среды и здоровья людей. В статье представлены результаты исследований по изучению зависимости урожайности корнеплодов свеклы столовой сортов Бордо харьковский и Цилиндра от сроков сева.Intensification of agriculture that has been going on in Ukraine, has a negative impact not only on the environment but also depletes natural resources, without which agricultural production impossible. Organic production provides a real benefit to the environment and human health. Domestic consumers seeking to improve the quality of consumption of vegetable products. The article presents the results of studies on the dependence of yield of roots beet varieties Bordeaux Kharkiv and cylinders from sowing. Intensification of agriculture, that lately takes place in Ukraine, has negative influence not only on an environment but also exhausts natural resources without that the conduct of agricultural production is impossible. Having regard to potential of agriculture of our state, there is an urgent necessity of the use of long-term experience of the European countries in relation to such ecologically, socially - and economically expedient direction of agricultural activity, as an organic production. An organic production provides the real benefit for an environment and health of people.The domestic consumers aspire to the increase of quality  consumption of vegetable products. Growing of vegetables at this method, is based on maximal application of scientifically-reasonable crop rotations, use of siderates and organic fertilizers, wide use of biological facilities, defence of plants from wreckers and illnesses, new going near technology of till of soil. Advantages of organic method of production, above traditional, consists in that at growing of с/g of products does not use synthetic mineral fertilizers, pesticides, regulators of height and genetically modified organisms, accordingly get the products of the best quality. For providing of population, including table beets a necessary amount and assortment of vegetables, it is necessary to promote their productivity and biochemical quality. An organic production in Ukraine develops from 1997, first of all due to demand from the side of traders of EU and recyclers of organic grain, oil-bearing, leguminous cultures and wild plants. In 2007 a situation began slightly to change - at the internal market the assortment of organic foods broadened: organic bread, milk, sausages, fruit, vegetables, juices, drinks, syrups, jams, honey and grains have appeared .Ever since there is a positive progress of internal user market of organic foods trend in Ukraine, that in obedience to research of Federation of organic motion of Ukraine has next indexes: in 2008 is a 500 thousand euro, in 2009 is a 600 thousand euro, in 2010 is a 1,2 million euro, in 2011 – 2,4 million euro, in 2012 is a 5,1 million euro, in 2013 is a 7,9 million euro, and in 2014 is a 12,2 million euro. An annual increase of internal market of organic products is on 60–100 level. On the beginning of 2014 in Ukraine worked about 164 certificated organic economies that process over 280 thousand hectares and agricultural lands. and yet about 300 economies that is not certificated, but produce quality organic products and process over 400 thousand and agricultural lands. Most farming can not get a certificate, through its high cost (within the limits of a 5500  in a year). More favourable work of organic sector of Ukraine is restrained by the imperfect institutional providing. For today state support of development of organic sector is declared only in a few normative acts basic from that is : Law of Ukraine«On a production and turnover of organic agricultural produce and raw material» [6] but the Government having a special purpose program of development of the Ukrainian village on a period 2020 to the year. Ukraine is the agrarian state, sector of plant-grower, provides food safety and food independence of country. In an order to go out on a world level from growing of organic products, it is necessary to stimulate the agriculture of producers, and increase the network of quality organic production distribution. In the article is  given the results of researches from the study of dependence of the productivity of root crops of beet the table of sorts of Claret Kharkiv and Cylinder from the terms of sowing. The ways of exit of producers of organic products are offered to the market through distribution of network of shops from organic production distribution. The basic channels of sale for organic foods in Ukraine are specialized departments of supermarkets and small shops. Having regard to the increase of demand, a seating capacity increases, where it is possible to purchase natural organic products. In the process of undertaken studies, it is set that in the conditions of the Western Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine sorts of table beet of Claret Kharkiv and Cylinder give the high productivity of root crops at the organic production of goods. At the sort of Claret Kharkiv is  the greatest productivity of 44,4 t/h got at sowing in the first ten-day period of May. While in the 2nd and 3rd ten-day periods of May more subzero productivity of 40,3–39,2t/h . At sowing in the first ten-day period of May a raise to control presented 5,3 t/h. The sort of Cylinder appeared more intensively. At sowing of table in the 2 to the ten-day period of May the greatest productivity is got – 50,5 t/h more subzero – 41,5 t/h at sowing in the first ten-day period of May. Sowing at the beginning of the third ten-day period resulted in the decline of the productivity. Thus, an optimal term for sowing of beet a table is the first and 2nd ten-day period of May. At equal climatic terms, to composition of soil, temperature a beet is a table to the sort of Cylinder gives on 6,1t/h the greater productivity for the sort of Claret Kharkiv. Stability of sort of Claret Kharkiv is higher comparatively with the sort of Cylinder. The productivity of beets a table depends on terms of sowing. Taking into account that a sort of Cylinder is more intensive, stability was below, that characteristically for high-performance sorts. &nbsp