Grapevine root transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Grapevine shoots were obtained from tissue cultures of cvs Barbera, Moscato bianco and Nebbiolo; their stems were wounded and inoculated with the following strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. A4, 8196, NCPP 2659, and 15834. Root production at the inoculation site was obtained in about 25% of the stems of all cultivars with all the bacterial strains, with the exception of NCPP 2659, which gave a lower root proliferation rate. Cultures of roots obtained after inoculation were established and their growth was enhanced by some media and by addition of cytokinins and auxins to the medium. Root cultures obtained after inoculation with the strain 8196 were genetically transformed, as shown by opine production. In contrast, opines were seldom detected in the root cultures obtained with the other bacterial strains. Light microscope observation showed that the cortex of transformed roots has more cell layers and a larger average cell size than in normal roots