تحليل جغرافي لظاهرة عمالة الأطفال في مدينة النجف القديمة (الواقع –الاسباب –المعالجات) دراسة في الجغرافية الاجتماعية

The issue of child labor is one of the important topics that have attracted the attention of researchers from different countries in the world, particularly the Arab countries, as they represent the most serious problems that have taken the Arab and regional societies together. The phenomenon of child labor in the country in general and the study area in particular is normal because of the exposure of Iraqi society from the scourge of war and the consequent negative accumulations affected the social structure of (family and children), which has been increasing and spread in a manner of concern, so researchers found the need to focus on the study of such a kind of social phenomena of its real contact with the environment of Iraqi society and learn the main motivations behind their emergence. Therefore, one of the most important goals and justification of the study is to highlight this dangerous phenomenon, which took an impressive rise in the old city of Najaf as it represents the most important commercial and urban areas attractive to visitors in the province because of its religious, economic and cultural importance , and the reasons for the increasing numbers of these children's workers in the markets and popular areas without other cities as well as knowing the negative effects and how to find future treatments for this phenomenon and work to find effective solutions to it by specialists in all institutions of the State concerned with the rights of the child, and fix the factors causing them to reduce the aggravation such as the enactment of new laws guarantee the rights of the child and activate them in practice , And to take advantage of the efforts of the international organizations for children, and work to solve some of the problems that reflected the effects on most poor families of working children, such as reducing unemployment rates and poverty in society through the removal of class differences among members of society.The study included three topics, the first was a theoretical framework in addition to clarifying the concept of child labor and the development of the phenomenon in Iraq. The second analyzed the underlying economic causes of child labor in the old city of Najaf. The third dealt with social characteristics that included the social factors and phenomena behind child labor in the old city of Najaf. The results of the research have confirmed the seriousness of the phenomenon and that war, terrorism and displacement are the most important factors that led to the aggravation in addition to the economic factors active in the old city of Najaf, the most important of which is the nature of the profession and the factors of the internal environment of the family and others and social factors and the most important are the type of housing and its nature and family disintegration and family income, And proposed , economic, social and legal solutions, aims to reduce the severity of this phenomenon on children in Iraq in general and the study area in particula