Incidence of carcinoma of esophagus in cases of dysphagia undergoing upper GI endoscopy in Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital

BACKGROUND: In India, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was common and it commonly found in males in the age group of >50 years. Dysphagia was the commonest complaint. AIM F THE STUDY: Aim of this study was to determine the presence of carcinoma in patients with complaints of dysphagia, and also to find out common location, histological types and grading. METHOD: A prospective study in patient with complaints of dysphagia who were undergoing upper GI endoscopy in Coimbatore medical college and hospital (department of General surgery) conducted over a period of 12 months from November 2012 to October 2013. Biopsy specimen processed and reported in pathology department and histopathological confirmation done. RESULTS: out of 50 patients of dysphagia who were undergone upper GI endoscopy in Coimbatore medical college Hospital, 16 patients found to be having carcinoma of esophagus Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type, seen in 15 (93.75%) out of 16 cases. 1 patients (6.25%) had adenocarcinoma. Most of them (12/16) are with moderately differentiated histological grading of tumor. In our study series, out of 16 cases of carcinoma of esophagus 12 (75%) were male and 4(25%) were females. Carcinoma of esophagus commonly presented in middle one third of esophagus. It was about 9 (56.25) out of 16 cases were found in middle one third. Most common age groups involved were more than 50 years of age. 13(81.25%) out of 16 cases were above 50 years. CONCLUSION: carcinoma of esophagus is the most important cause of dysphagia which should be diagnosed earlier. Males are more commonly affected than females, because of smoking, alcoholism and GERD. Patients with age of more than 50 are found to be affected by carcinoma of esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma is more common than adenocarcinoma in our study and middle third of esophagus is commonly involved. Regarding histological grading moderately differentiated tumors are common