A Toxicity study on Kirubakara Shanmuga Chendhuram

Kirubakara shanmuga chenduram is being widely used in siddha medicine prepared according to the process found in Pathartha Guna Vilakkam (thaathu vagupu) (page. no. 55-56).It contains ingredients of Vaalai rasam, Gandhagam, Lingam, Veeram, Pooram, Manosilai, Thalagam, Uppu and Pirandai and cures diseases like Eight types of Thadippu, Kuttam, Megaranam, Gunmam, Kaasam, Sanni, Suram,Utkuthu, Purakuthu, Soolai, Moorchai and Vatha disease. The aim of the dissertation is to study the acute and 28 days repeated oral toxicity of the drug Kirubakara shanmuga chenduram in experimental animals. The qualitative analysis of the drug Kirubakara shanmuga chenduram contains the presence of Calcium, Ferrous Iron, Sulphate, Flouride and Oxalates. The quantitative analysis of Kirubakara shanmuga chenduram by ICP- OES contains the presence of mercury in ppm level and arsenic ,cadmium, lead were present in below detectable limit showed in Table A. The elemental analysis of XRF study showed in Table B. In this heavy element arsenic was found in ppm level. Though the major ingredients of the drug KSC are mercury, mecurial compounds and arsenic compounds, in the final product the mercury and arsenic were found in the ppm level. In HR- SEM analysis the particle size of Kirubakara Shanmuga Chenduram was 50 to 100 nm, mixed (Rectangle and Spherical) in shape. Surface was found smooth so the flowability was normal. The pH level is 8.9 to 9.1. It reveals the foremost preparation of the medicine KSC was done as per literature. The FTIR spectrum of graph shows alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, alkanes, alkynes, 1° amines, aromatics, esters, ethers, alkyl halides, aliphatic amines, alkenes, disulfides present in Kirubakara Shanmuga Chenduram. The prepared medicine Kirubakara Shanmuga Chenduram was subjected to acute and repeated oral toxicity studies in wistar albino rats. During acute toxicity study the animals were fasted overnight given single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg/body weight of Kirubakara Shanmuga Chenduram suspended in 10% aqueous solution of tween 18 and the animals were observed for 14 days. After first 4 hrs of drug administration all the three animals showed the following characteristic activities like alertness, grooming, touch response listlessness, unching, porphyrin, motor incordination, muscular spasm in all the three animals. After 24 hrs 2 animals were found dead and 48 hrs third animal was also found dead. 5, 50, 300 mg/kg/body weight displayed no signs of toxicity. Alertness, grooming, touch response were present. The acute toxicity study of KSC reported the LD 50 value of 500 mg/kg/body weight as per OECD guidelines. In repeated oral toxicity study, the doses selected for the study were x, 5x, 10x mg/kg body weight. During 28 days study there was no signs of toxic effect in all the animals and the body weight was gained significantly as that of control. The average water and food intake in the control group was not significantly (p>0.05) different from that of the test groups. the feed conversion efficiency followed the same pattern, thus indicating the normal metabolism of the animals. At the end of 28 th day all animals were sacrificed and the gross necropsy does not show any abnormality in the organs. In hematological parameter the levels of RBC and hemoglobin in experimental animals were elevated when compared with that of the control. It is statistically significant (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was a significant increase (p