To Study The Ameliorative Effect Of Hydroalcholic Extract Of Caryota urens (Arecaceae) On Streptozotocin Induced Alzheimer’s Model In Mice

INTRODUCTION:Nature is the abundant source of medicinal plants. The use of medicinal plants is from ancient times onward. Till today majority of people rely on such traditional remedies. Many of compounds used for the production of modern medicines were also derived from the herbs in the surroundings. Because of their ability to synthesize a wide variety of chemical compounds that can be used to perform important biological functions, their phytochemicals have been processed for beneficial effects on long-term health when consumed by humans, and can be used to effectively treat human diseases. At least 12,000 such compounds have been isolated so far, a number estimated to be less than 10% of the total.The term "herbs" refers to plants or parts of them, including grasses, flowers, berries, seeds, leaves, nuts, stems, stalks and roots, which are used for their therapeutic and healthenhancing properties. Generations of skilled herbal practitioners, researchers and scholars have refined and tested the vast science of herbology, producing thousands of plant-based remedies that are safe and effective. SCOPE OF THE WORK: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodenerative disorder that gradually impairs memory and ability to learn, reasoning, judgment, communication and daily activities. AD is characterized clinically by cognitive and memory impairment. An estimated 5.4 million Americans of all ages have Alzheimer's disease in 2016.Of the 5.4 million Americans with Alzheimer's, an estimated 5.2 million people are age 65 and older. By 2050, the number of people age 65 and older with Alzheimer's disease may nearly triple, from 5.2 million to a projected 13.8 million. There is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease. But currently some category of drugs like AChE inhibitors and NMDA antagonists were used along with some antioxidants and some other supportive therapy. Therefore there is a lot of promising scope in the development of drug therapy for this serious and debilitating disorder. Since ancient time the herbal medicines are effective in the treatment of various ailment, many plants have been used in the treatment of several dreadful disease but they are not scientifically exploited or improperly used. Therefore, these plant drugs deserve detailed studies in the light of modern science. The present study is to prove the memory enhancement and cognitive effect of caryota urens on Alzheimer’s induced mice using various memory retention experiments such as Y maze , Morris water maze, Passive avoidance etc. DISCUSSION: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is now the most common cause of dementia . The incidence of AD increases with age . Impairment of short-term memory usually is the first clinical feature. When the condition progresses, additional cognitive abilities are impaired, as the ability to calculate, and use common objects and tools. Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors are the only agents approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of AD. All other agents prescribed for the treatment of AD are used on an off- label basis. As per previous studies caryota urens has excellent antioxidant property, hence it is believed to have actions on CNS disorders and neurodegeneration diseases. The present study has revealed the ameliorative effect of HAECU on STZ induced Alzheimer’s disease in mice. STZ induced impairment of memory was assessed by using various behavioral parameters like Passive avoidance task, Y maze task, and Morris water maze test. It was found that treatment with HAECU protect cognitive deficits in STZ induced Alzheimer’s disease. Spatial learning in the open field habituation was approached to access learning and memory. The decrease in response to a normal environment after repeated exposures to the familiar environment is referred to spatial habitual learning. Recurrent exposure produces a decrease in the exploratory initiatives, which is implicative of memory pertaining to a specific feature of that environment. Exploratory activities may be reduced on subsequent contact with open field. In the result of this study reduced by the group of animals treated with HAECU indicated increased spatial habitual learning and sleep deprivation decreased spatial habitual learning.CONCLUSION: The selected dose 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of caryota urens showed significant action in memory and learning processes but higher dose 400mg/kg showed better action than lower dose 200mg/kg. The present study relieved the action of caryota urens on streptozotocin induced alzheimer’s disease on mice model. From the results it can be concluded that caryota urens remarkable effect in memory enhancement and oxidative stress. Further studies are required for the identification of molecular level action and individual phytoconstitutent that may responsible for CNS action