Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles on the Fluoride Release from Four Glass Ionomer Cements and Its Influence on the Antibacterial Property of High Strength Glass Ionomer Cement: An Invitro study.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles on release of fluoride from four glass ionomer cements and its influence on the antibacterial property of high strength posterior glass ionomer cement. Four types of glass ionomer cements with and without chitosan were divided into following groups: Type II universal restorative with and without chitosan (group I A & I B), Type II light cure universal restorative with and without chitosan (group II A & II B), GC Fuji VII (pink) with and without chitosan (group III A & III B), GC HS posterior extra with and without chitosan (group IV A & IV B). Six samples of each group were prepared using teflon moulds of 10mm internal diameter and 2mm thickness and immersed in deionized water. The amount of fluoride release was analyzed after 1day, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days interval using fluoride ion selective electrode. The results showed that the addition of chitosan to all types of glass ionomer cement increased the release of fluoride from day 1 to day 28. Among the types of glass ionomer cement tested type IX high strength posterior extra with chitosan released more amount of fluoride at all the time intervals. The antibacterial activity of group IV A and IV B was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius and Lactobacillus casei using blood agar diffusion method by measuring the zone of inhibition. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of group IV B was more against Lactobacillus casei followed by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this in vitro study it can be concluded that: 1. The addition of chitosan nanoparticles to glass ionomer cements had a catalytic effect on the fluoride release in all the experimental groups tested. 2. Among the four types of glass ionomer cements: Type II universal restorative, Type II light cure universal restorative, GC Fuji VII (pink), Type IX GC HS posterior extra tested for fluoride release, Type IX high strength posterior extra exhibited highest amount of fluoride release and the least amount of fluoride release was observed with Type II light cure glass ionomer cement. 3. The chitosan containing Type IX high strength posterior extra glass ionomer cement had a significant antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius