Assess the effectiveness of Video Teaching Programme on Self-Help Techniques of Osteoarthritis among Elderly in Old Age Homes, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.

INTRODUCTION : Old age neither be healed nor be prevented much can be done by health workers in helping the old age people to lead a normal life, which helps them to perform their activities of daily living (ADL) without difficulty. Joint-pain to decreased mobility are the commonest problem of old people to meet their ADL. Due to highest health problem of osteoarthritis among elderly population needs strengthening of geriatric health care services in community and hospital based health care settings. The programme needs to be developed in geriatric health care with the facilities of early diagnosis, counseling, healthy diet, weight control, regular exercise and physiotherapy along with the treatment. The researcher has undertaken this study to improve their self-care activities by giving information regarding the self-help techniques of osteoarthritis thus improving the quality of living to lead a healthy life. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY : 1. To identify the clients affected with Osteoarthritis among elderly. 2. To assess the self-care among elderly with Osteoarthritis. 3. To implement the Video Teaching Programme to clients with osteoarthritis on Self-Help Techniques of Osteoarthritis 4. To assess the effectiveness of Video Teaching Programme on Self-Help Techniques of Osteoarthritis. 5. To associate the self-care knowledge and practice with demographic variables of clients with osteoarthritis. 6. To compare the self-care practice in relation to knowledge of the osteoarthritis clients with osteoarthritis. METHODS : Quasi experimental time series design was adopted for this study. The sample size was 272 osteoarthritis clients from old age homes, Coimbatore. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in this study. Clients more than 50 years of age and of both the sexes were included for the study. The tool used for data collection were osteoarthritis identification tool, modified WOMAC Index tool to assess the severity of osteoarthritis, structured interview schedule in tamil to assess the self-care knowledge on osteoarthritis, observational checklist to assess the self-care abilities and video teaching programme on self-help techniques of Osteoarthritis. Then implemented the video teaching programme on self-help techniques of Osteoarthritis for 25 minutes. After 15 days of interval the post-test was conducted by using same instruments. Severity of Osteoarthritis was assessed for 3 times with every 15 days of intervals by using modified WOMAC index. By using descriptive and inferential statistics the collected data were arranged, tabulated and analyzed. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY : • Highest percentage (31%) of clients aged between 66-70 years and majorities (54%) of them were female. • Highest percentage (27%) of clients had secondary education and majority (39%) of them were semi manual workers. • 67 percentage of clients were non vegetarians and highest percentage (45%) of clients under the BMI classification of obesity (BMI 30kg/m2 & above). • 56 percentages of clients were not had any chronic illness. 78 percentages of clients had history of joint pain more than 5 years and only 13 percentages of clients were adopted the assistive devices for mobilization. • Area-wise distribution of osteoarthritis clients according to their level of knowledge regarding self-care shows that, overall highest percentage (37%) of clients had poor knowledge in pre-test and 62 percentage of clients had excellent knowledge in post-test. • Area-wise mean, SD and mean percentage of pre and post-test knowledge Osteoarthritis clients shows that, in pre-test out of 34 maximum obtainable scores the mean score was 15.785±4.594 which is around 52.502 percentage of the total score revealing, clients had average knowledge on self-help techniques of osteoarthritis. Whereas the mean score in post-test was 28.281±3.822, which is around 87.129 percentage of the total score revealing clients had excellent knowledge on self-help techniques of osteoarthritis. • Area-wise distribution of osteoarthritis clients according to their level of practice regarding self-care of osteoarthritis shows that, overall highest percentage (62%) of clients had partially adoptive practice in pre-test. Where as in post-test, 97 percentage of clients had fully adoptive practice it reveals that the video teaching programme was effective on self-help techniques of osteoarthritis. • Area-wise mean, SD and mean percentage of pre and post-test practice of Osteoarthritis clients shows that in pre-test, out of 64 maximum obtainable scores the mean score was 27.08±4.607 which is around 44.368 percentage of the total score, revealing clients had partially adoptive practice on self-help techniques of osteoarthritis. Whereas the mean score in post-test was 54.519±5.031, which is around 85.019 percentage of the total score, revealing clients had fully adoptive practice on self-help techniques of osteoarthritis. • Distribution of osteoarthritis clients according to their severity level of osteoarthritis shows that, in pre-test, 97 percentage of clients had severe level of osteoarthritis and only 3 percentage had moderate level. Where as in post test 74 percentage of clients (202 nos.) came to mild level of severity through fully adaptation of self-help technique and only 5 percentage of clients were still in severe level of osteoarthritis. • Significant association formed between the knowledge and practice of OA clients when compared to the demographic variables of age, sex, educational status, type of previous occupation, body mass index, history of chronic illness and usage of any assistive devices. • Calculated the Paired‘t’ test to assess the significant difference between the pre and post-test knowledge and practice of self-help techniques of osteoarthritis shows highly significant difference. Hence it can be concluded that intervention on self-help techniques of osteoarthritis is highly effective. • Karl Pearson’s co-relation co-efficient analysis between knowledge and practice score of the post-test shows significant positive relationship between knowledge and practice (r= 0.882). • Paired‘t’ test was calculated to analyze the severity of osteoarthritis, shows that in pre and post-test there was a significant difference in WOMAC index. Hence it can be concluded that there is a highly significant difference between the pre and post severity of osteoarthritis and the hypothesis is accepted. It reveals that the practice of self-help technique reduced the severity of osteoarthritis gradually and significantly. • Difference in severity of osteoarthritis in pre and post assessment by using one way repeated measures ANOVA shows the there was a significant improvement in the observation of reduction in severity of osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION : Osteoarthritis is a common disorder in all population and overall prevalence is same in men and women. Osteoarthritis cannot be cured but it can be controlled. The primary responsibility of nurse is to create awareness and explain about self-care management of disease, which will develop positive attitude and learn to practice according to the standard level. In this study majority of the clients had inadequate level of knowledge about the self-care management of osteoarthritis in pre-test. After implementation of video teaching programme on self-help technique of osteoarthritis majority of the clients had excellent knowledge and fully adoptive practice of selfcare management as well as reduced the severity of osteoarthritis gradually and significantl