Evaluation of Antiurolithiatic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Phyllanthus Urinaria Against Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Wistar Albino Rats

Calcium stones are the most common type of kidney stones, accounting for about 70% to 75% of stones. The highest incidence of calcium urolithiasis is between ages of 30 and 50 calcium stones either are composed entirely of CaOx or have a small core of CaPh. The presence of a small amount of CaPh has no implications for pathogenesis or management. CaOx in pure form or in combination with CaPh is the most common component of urinary stones. It generally varies from 4-8 mm in size. The commonest form of oxalate is as calcium oxalate, mainly calcium oxalate monohydrate [Ca (COO)2, H2O], but some calcium oxalate di hydrate crystals [Ca(COO)2, 2H2O] may also be present. Oxalate stones are among the hardest found and so are not easily crushed the presented data indicate that administration of the EPU plant to rats with ethylene glycol/Ammonium chloride induced lithiasis and prevented the formation of urinary stones, supporting folk information regarding antiurolithiatic activity of the plant. The mechanism underlying this effect is still unknown, but is apparently related to diuresis and lowering of urinary concentration of stone forming constituents. The protective effect against oxalate induced lipid peroxidation may be contributing to the recovery of renal damage. These effects could conclude the antiurolithiatic property of Phyllanthus urinaria