The Detection of Methionine Sulfoxide in Tubulin and Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses (1). Free radicals are an unavoidable by-product of many biochemical processes, and in the case of activated neutrophils, are deliberately formed. Oxidative stressors such as infection, inflammation, metabolic abnormalities, or environmental contaminants overwhelm the body\u27s defense mechanisms allowing reactive oxygen species concentrations to increase. This increase in ROS can cause damage to biological macromolecules including proteins, lipids and DNA. An accumulation of oxidative damage is the underlying cause of many diseases because oxidative metabolism is an essential part of every cell\u27s metabolism (2). It has been suggested that accumulation over a long period of time plays a significant role in the aging process, inflammatory diseases (arthritis, vasculitis), heart disease, and several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer\u27s and Parkinson\u27s diseases