Research and development of focused proton microbeam irradiation system, SPICE for radio-biological studies.

There is continuing interest in the use of microbeam irradiation systems designed to deliver a defined number of charged particles on a single cell with a resolution of a few micrometers. Irradiation of an exact number of charged particles on a single cell means that the limitations of the Poisson distribution of the number of charged particles can be overcome. Moreover, microbeams are particularly useful in the field of radiation-induced non-targeted effects, so called bystander effects that are considered to be one of the major effects in the low-dose region. Thus, microbeam technique is one of the powerful tools for investigating studies related to radiation effect and risk of low dose in space radiation for astronauts and cosmonauts. Our microbeam irradiation system, the Single Particle Irradiation system to CEll (SPICE) provides a 3.4 MeV proton microbeam focused with a quadrupole magnetic lens on an upward vertical beam line. SPICE was severely damaged by the Tohoku-oki Earthquake on March 11th 2011, and was out of operation for about a year and a half. We have successfully reconstructed the facility and it is now operational with system refinements. At present, SPICE is the only proton microbeam facility in Japan at which a single-ion single-cell irradiation can be performed on mammalian cells with stability and high throughput using an upward vertical beam of 2-um diameter, focused with a magnetic quadrupole triplet lens. A variety of irradiation modes have been established for radiation-induced bystander effects, cytoplasm irradiation, and so on. SPICE has been administrated as a "Joint-use Facility for Collaborative Research," and thus researchers outside NIRS can apply for beam time of SPICE after their research proposals are approved.Heavy Ion in Therapy and Space Radiation Spymposium 201