The Great War and the American Novel: Mimesis and Craft in Selected Fiction of Dos Passos, Boyd, March, and Hemingway

This dissertation examines the influence of World War I on American literature and its effects on the American tradition of literary realism. It does so through an analysis of five war novels written by four American authors who had participated in the conflict as combatants or volunteers. These works include John Dos Passos\u27 One Man\u27s Initiation--1917 and Three Soldiers, Thomas Boyd\u27s Through the Wheat, William March\u27s Company K, and Ernest Hemingway\u27s A Farewell to Arms. The dissertation explores a development within the sub-genre of war novels from works of witness and testimony, which were based on the authors\u27 personal experiences in the First World War, to more finely crafted works of fiction, which employed carefully developed characterizations, plots, and themes. Especially with the first of these war novels, those of witness and testimony, a new narrative form was evident. These novels such as Dos Passos\u27 One Man\u27s Initiation--1917 and Boyd\u27s Through the Wheat combined elements of fiction and non-fiction and are near-journalistic in their presentation of events witnessed by the authors during the Great War. Thus, they presage the non-fictional novel of the 1960s. With Dos Passos\u27 Three Soldiers and the war novels of March and Hemingway, concern with the novel as art is more evident. The later war novels also employ more complex narrative points of view. This widening of perspective allows a varied and complex presentation of the events of the Great War, but also results in greater ambiguity and irony. Another area explored in this study is the accuracy of the mimetic re-creation of the Great War\u27s conditions. Especially in the earliest war novels, graphic descriptions of the war\u27s events are often depicted as a means of protest. However, even the later war novelists attempt to portray the war with some degree of verisimilitude, and collectively, these five war novels provide an often minutely accurate re-creation of the First World War. Because of their use of mimesis, their innovative combination of fiction and non-fiction, and their influence on later writers, these war novels represent an important development in twentieth-century American literature