Energy consumption and travel time analysis for metro lines with express/local mode

In recent years, some innovations have appeared in the operation of metro system to save energy consumption and speed up trains. Compared with the standard stop mode, in which a train stops at every station, express/local stop mode can lead to lower energy consumption and less travel time. This paper aims to find the relationship among energy consumption, travel time and timetables, and then obtain a more optimized solution via adjusting timetables. After analyzing the characteristics of express/local stop mode, we linearly formulate energy consumption and passenger travel time, and propose a bi-objective programming model to better understand the relationship between lowering energy consumption and reducing travel time. Taking Beijing Metro Line 6 as a numerical example, we compare the express/local mode and standard stop mode both in total travel time and energy consumption, illustrating the applicability of express/local mode