Subcultural Differentiation of Inner Tokyo : Personal Networks and Local Community

歴史的に中小商工自営業層が集積を見せた東京インナーエリア地域は，社会変動の中で多様な社会層によって構成される傾向を強めている。このような変動の文脈の中で，各社会層は地域への関わりという点でどのような差異を内包させているか。それを，自営業層，ホワイトカラー層，非ホワイトカラー勤め人層，無職層の各層のパーソナルネットワークの内容，形成のパターンに特に焦点を据えて検討する。各層は，職場の社会関係の重要性，社会関係の空間的・領域的拡がり，ライフスタイル(職業生活や家庭生活の意味づけ)の面で，明確に異なった社会的世界を構成していることが示される。われわれの得た知見は，インナーエリアの地域変動を，こうした多元的社会構成の中での居住地域への意味づけの競合として理解し，地縁的一元性の変容(地域解放化)として捉えることの妥当性を示唆している。The focus of our research is the subcultural differentiation of the inner Tokyo area which historically have been the home of small and middle size private enterprises，in the general context of social change. Recently，these local communities of the self-employed and workers for small local enterprises are undergoing social change and becoming more heterogeneous ones with an increasing number of newer social categories of residents such as (mainly white collar) commuters to other Tokyo areas. Here we study the characteristics of the personal networks of the self-employed，white collar workers，non-white collar workers，and those without occupation. Each of these classes shows a distinctly different pattern of personal network building in terms of the importance of social relations at the work place，the spatial allocation and the social contextual variety of network ties，and the impact of life style factor. 1) The self-employed have the strongest commitment to the local community. Their personal network is the most limited in terms of spatial scope and the social context in which each network tie is formed. Their place of residence is vitally important for their business management. 2) White collar workers establish the widest personal networks spatially and social contextully，and have a marked tendency to organize their intimate networks in each social context indepandently from other networks in other contexts. They attach importance to their place of residence as a place of family life，thus they show a relatively strong commitment to it. 3) Non-white collar workers are likely to form work-place-centered networks; the tendency for personal networks being determined by the work place is strong. Their commitment to the local community is the weakest. 4) The non-employed，with several possible subcategories，show strong commitment to the local community. These findings suggest that underlying the transformations of the inner city are the conflicts between various social categories for whom the place of residence has different meanings，and that each of the social categories has its own subculture of personal networking. We presume that the increase of white collar workers will gradually change the local community into a place where personal networks are more liberated from locality