An equational residual analysis of the distribution of business activity in japanese cities

(1) The method of regional residual index (equational residual) is applyed to analyse business functions in Japanese cities. (2) Class differentiation of three or four grades can be ascertained in business activities. Rank-size arrangement of Japanese cities in population size is modified in such grades through the reflection of inter-nal and external character of business activities in individual cities. (3) Relative density of business activities is high in industrial prefectures in central Japan and low in pre-industrialized prefectures. Gravity of business activity is transferred to the smaller city class in the former region and not in the latter region. (4) Poor business activity in the Northeastern Japan combined to greater Tokyo and forms a autocratic type of business activity, acompanying the dominance of the cities of the seat of the prefectural office in each prefecture. It will be contrasted to the multi-core type which is formed by Osaka and the other prefectures in Western Japan