L’expropriation comme médiation dans la construction d'une politique d'assistance laïque en Italie à l’époque napoléonienne (1798-1818) <hal-01134959>

In the states of Piedmont and Liguria, annexed to France (1799), successively to the Napoleonic republics in Italy (1797) and then in the Kingdom of Italy (1805), the policies aimed at creating a secular and free support system to people, by the tool of expropriation of the property of the royal families, aristocrats and clergy. Abbeys, convents and monasteries (with their characteristic buildings which alternate small local to large rooms) are the perfect places for the establishment of an health care network in the peninsula. The legislative practice of expropriation becomes an indispensable instrument to the work of the new administrators. Doing so, allows the realization of hospitals and hospice increasingly specialized, somehow son of the Revolution. Architects, as professional or public official, are involved in the transformations not only because their disciplinary knowledge, but also as a counterpart of doctors and managers, obtaining new specialized skills. Plans and drawings, from public Italian archives, help to check the transformations of the former royal or religious buildings: most of the plans, during the Napoleonic era, testify, with the due graphic marks, how the ancient spaces are used for the new goals and how the architects collaborate to this process