Dynamic computing paradigm for comprehensive power flow analysis

reformulate the power flow equations into a set of ordinary differential equations, whose equilibrium points represent the power flow problem solutions. Starting from the Lyapunov theory, the authors demonstrate that this system of dynamic equations is characterised by an exponential asymptotic convergence to equilibrium points. This feature allows us to overcome the inherent limitations of the traditional iterative minimisation algorithms that can fail to converge because of the highly non-linearities of the first-order condition. Extensive simulation studies aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology are presented and discussed