DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF PLANAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL STACK

In the present work, planar anode-supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell short-stacks have been designed, assembled, tested and characterized. The design of the stacks and its components (frame, housing, interconnect, compressive and bonded seals) required a great attention to the materials properties (i.e. thermal expansion coefficient compatibility, durability, strength and oxidation resistance, conductivity and so on), as well as to the fluid-dynamic analysis focused on flow field and gas distribution. Then, a careful analysis was done based on a multidisciplinary approach to select the stack components materials, geometries, and dimensions; in order to assure a high performing stack at elevated temperatures with cost reduction of materials, parts manufacturing and assembly procedure. The materials selected were: Crofer®22APU for the interconnect and the frame; AISI 316L for bolts and housing; Thermiculite® 866 for the compressive seal placed between the frame and the interconnect plate; Flexible Mica Paper for the compressive seal positioned between the interconnect endplate and the housing; SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-Na2O glass-ceramic sealant for the bonded seal to join the frame with the cell. On the other hand, the stack assembly was focused on the implementation of innovative and simple procedures, which allowed power capacity scale-up in accordance to power requirements. In this work, two different stack configurations were produced: with one cell (for initial testing of the materials and fluid-dynamic selected solutions) and with three cells. It must be mentioned that all developed stacks in this research were assembled with commercial cells “ASC3” from H.C. Starck. Also, calculations at ambient temperature and 800°C were done in the stack compression system to determine the proper tightening torque to be applied: this value was 50N. Although this calculation took into consideration the loss of tightening torque at high temperatures, some marks were found in housing and micas during the stack inspection after disassembly. These marks are a clear indicator of gas leakage. Additionally, a study was carried out related to the effect of the protective Mn1.5Co1.5O4 coating deposited on interconnect surface to prevent the cathode Cr poisoning. This experiment was executed in the stack of one cell configuration. No voltage degradation was observed during the galvanostatic experiment of 360 h at 800°C