Molecular Analysis of Immune Evasion Cluster (IEC) Genes and Intercellular Adhesion Gene Cluster (ica) Among Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Sensitive Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

IntroductionResistance to antibiotics and presence of virulence factors play an important role in increased mortality associated with infection due to Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, we determine antibiotic resistance pattern, presence of the icaADBC locus as well as biofilm formation and distribution and diversity the immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes in clinical isolate of S. aureus from Kerman, Iran.Material and methodsDuring 15 months, 100 clinical isolates S. aureus recovered from different patients were admitted to Kerman University affiliated hospitals. Resistance to different antibiotic agents was determined by disk diffusion method. Phenotypic method was used to the determination of biofilm formation ability and methicillin-resistance S. aureus (MRSA). Polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) was used to the detection of nuc, mecA, icaA, icaD, icaB, icaC, scn, sea, sak, sep and chp genes.ResultsForty-four isolates were considered as MRSA and all of isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. Our results showed, 77.2% (34/44) of MRSA and 8.9 %( 5/56) of MSSA isolates were multidrug resistant. The predominant IEC variant was type B and our results displayed that 77.7% of the MRSA isolates harbor loci icaD and mecA. There was no significant difference in production biofilm between MSSA and MRSA isolates (P≥0.05). There was significant difference in presence IEC types between MSSA and MRSA isolates (P=0.000).ConclusionThe presence of icaADBC locus may not be a determining factor for biofilm formation in Staphtlocooci and other mechanisms might be involved in this process. The high prevalence IEC types in MSSA isolates can indicate that the presence of these genes can be an advantage for pathogenesis of these isolates in different infections.