Assessment of Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome and Its’ Associated Factors Among Tuberculosis Patients Treated Under Directly Observed Treatment Short Course Service in Health Facilities at Adama Town, Central Oromia, Ethiopia

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a serious public health problem in the developing countries. Assessment of tuberculosis treatment outcomes and its risk factors in directly observed treatment short course are among the major indicators of the performance of a national TB control program. Therefore; this study was undertaken to assess tuberculosis treatment outcome and its’ associated factors among patients treated under Directly Observed Treatment Short Course in health facilities at Adama Town, Central Oromia, Ethiopia from March 1st 2016 G.C to December 31/2016 G.C. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in seventeen health facilities which initiated treatment and provided DOTs service at Adama Town. The data was collected using structured questionnaire and pre-developed data collection sheets by interviewing when the entire study participants were on treatment, then after the evaluation of patient by reviewing the record of TB treatment registration log book. A total of 281 study participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 20 computer software. Result: A total of 227 (80.8%) patients had satisfactory treatment success rate in the study area. The odds of unfavorable treatment outcome was 81% (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.04 - 0.87) less among patients 15-24 years of age compared to patients younger than 14 years of age. Females had 74% lower rates of successful treatment outcome (AOR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11- 0. 56) compared to male patients. However, patients who had lower distance than five kilometer for the health facilities had 3.87 times more likely to have favorable treatment outcome (AOR: 3.87, 95% CI: 1.83–8.29). HIV negative patients also had 20 times more likely to have favorable treatment outcome than HIV patients co-infected with TB (AOR: 20.35, 95%CI: 7.73-53.63). Patients with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB infection had 55% less likely to have favorable treatment outcome than clinically diagnosed TB cases (AOR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21-0.98). Conclusion and Recommendation: Finally this study showed that treatment success rate is less when compared to WHO stated target to be achieved in End TB Strategy. Therefore; it is important to focus on treatment adherence to improve favorable TB treatment outcome and consider DOTs service which is accessible to all clients. Keywords: Cure rate, treatment complete, favorable treatment outcome DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/52-0