Review on Genotype X Environment Interaction in Plant Breeding and Agronomic Stability of Crops

G×E is defined as a phenomenon that phenotypes respond to genotypes differently according to different environmental factors. The concept of genotype-environment interactions leads to measure the agronomic stability of the genotype and under the biological concept stable genotype is one, whose phenotype shows little deviation from the expected character level when performance of genotype is tested over a number of environments. Grain yield stability is influenced by the capacity of a genotype to react to environmental conditions, which is determined by the genotype’s genetic composition. The adaptability and stability of a genotype are useful parameters for recommending cultivars for known cropping conditions. The method commonly used for analysis of G×E interaction is the Linear Regression model in which the bi-values give information about adaptability and S2d is used as measure of stability of performance, AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) approach as a measure of stability and adaptability and etc. Plant productivity is a direct consequence of how well adapted the genotype of an individual is to the surrounding environment. This and different issues concerning G X E was reviewed. Keywords: Genotype, Environment, Interaction, Plant breeding, Stabilit