A Review Paper on Potato Virus Y (PVY) Biology, Economic Importance and its Managements

PVY is distributed worldwide in potato growing areas, tobacco growing areas and outdoor crops of tomato and pepper in warm countries. The different strains of PVY develops different symptoms on different parts of the host plant species. The PVY have a host range of 495 species in 72 genera of 31 families. Potato isolates have historically been divided into three main strain groups. The different strains of PVY have different stability under thermal inactivation point, dilution end-point and longevity in vitro. PVY have ssRNA nucleotide and two proteins (VPg and coat protein). The genomic RNA of PVY is positive sense and approximately 9700 kb in length excluding the poly(A) tail. PVY is spread from plant to plant either by aphids, mechanical means or by contact. In the family Aphidinae, Myzus persicae is clearly the most important vector of PVY given that it is widespread and with high transmission efficiency. Potato virus Y belongs to a group of the most important potato viruses infecting the potato, tobacco, pepper and tomato. PVY is the most important viral pathogen in potato worldwide and can cause yield loss of 10-100% and 39-75% on tobacco. The two main types of resistance in potato are extreme resistance and hyper-sensitive resistance. The generation of resistant cultivars is considered the most economic and environmentally acceptable way of controlling viral diseases in potato. Vector control plays an important role in management of PVY. Controlling the aphid plays a great role in the management of Potato virus Y. Since PVY is among the most important viral diseases of potato and that cause significant yield loss, so understanding its biology and developing an efficient management strategy is very important. In the real world there is no singly effective management of several important diseases, on behalf of this, searching a good integrated management approach is very crucial. Keywords: Coat Protein; Hyper-sensitive Resistance; Myzus persicae; Potato; ssRNA; Vector control