Review on Invitro Regeneration of Some Selected Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivars from Shoot and Leaf Culture

Invitro regeneration is aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs or whole plants under controlled nutritional and environmental conditions. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most widely distributed fruit crops in the world. Conventional method of grapevine propagation is time consuming and allows disease transmission. A planted grape vine needs four to five years to be a propagation material by cutting, due to its long juvenility period. Therefore, the establishment of efficient in vitro regeneration is too much needed. The optimal levels of growth regulators and light conditions on callus induction and organogenesis of in-vitro cultured grapevine were assessed. Accordingly, maximum calluses and shoots were produced by using medium supplemented with different concentrations of growth regulators (BAP, IBA, TDZ and NAA) as alone or in combinations. For successful production of propagules, the occurrence and effect of in vitro shoot vetrification /hyperhydricity/were assessed. From the tested different concentrations of BAP and agar, the best mean numbers of vetrification free shoots were obtained at 0.5 mg/l BAP in 7.5g/l agar for both cheninblanc and canonannon cultivars. Keywords: Organogenesis, Hyperhydricity, growth regulators, callus induction, Grapevin