Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeeding: Application of PRECEDE-PROCEED Model and Theory of Planned Behavior

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is an ideal food for infants aged 0-6 months. EBF is useful for infants, but it is under-implemented. A non profit organization, namely Indonesian Association of Lactating Mothers (AIMI), has been established recently, with an objective to disseminate knowledge and information on breastfeeding and to increase breastfeeding practice in Indonesia. This study aimed to examine factors associated with exclusive breastfeeeding using PRECEDE-PROCEED model and Theory of Planned Behavior.Subjects and Methods: This was an analytic observational study with retrospective cohort design. This study was conducted at Pajang Community Health Center, Surakarta, Central Java, from January to March, 2017. A total sample of 120 lactating mothers were selected for this study by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The independent variables were maternal education, maternal employment status, participation in AIMI, knowledge, attitude, family support, perceived behavior control, and intention. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Exclusive breastfeeding were positively associated with maternal education ≥senior high school (b= -0.13; SE= 0.22; p= 0.572), participation in AIMI (b= 0.45, SE= 0.26, p= 0.085), maternal employment status (b= -0.63; SE= 0.20; p= 0.002), attitude (b= 0.05; SE= 0.03; p= 0.172), family support (b= 0.06; SE= 0.03; p= 0.039), perceived behavior control (b= 0.04; SE= 0.03; p= 0.164), and intention (b= 0.09; SE= 0.05; p= 0.045). EBF intention were positively associated with maternal education ≥senior high school (b=1.44; SE=0.42; p<0.001), participation in AIMI (b= 0.55; SE= 0.46; p= 0.229), attitude (b= 0.11; SE= 0.06; p= 0.046) and perceived behavior control (b= 0.38; SE= 0.05; p