Diseño de un plan de administración ambiental de la producción y faenamiento de pollos broilers en la Avícola Pollos Campo

En la investigación titulada “Diseño de un plan de administración ambiental de la producción y faenamiento de pollos broilers en la avícola POLLOS CAMPO” realizada en la Provincia de Pichincha, Cantón Quito, Parroquia Yaruquí, Barrio Otón de Vélez, donde realizamos el Diseño de un Plan de Administración Ambiental de la producción y faenamiento de pollos broilers, no se consideró tratamientos experimentales, corresponde al análisis de las estadísticas descriptivas de los residuos líquidos donde se determinó que: el análisis de las aguas de la entrada reportan un DBO5 de 0,40 mgO2/L y se eleva a la salida a 1016,25 mgO2/L, el DQO en la entrada es de 0,80 mgO2/L y a la salida se incrementa a 2065,75 mgO2/L, respecto a los ST es de 113,25 mg/L y en la salida aumenta a 1754,75 mg/L, los SS en la entrada es de 1,75 mg/L que se eleva a 1127,5 mg/L. Dando como resultado impactos negativos de acuerdo a las normas ambientales TULSMA. Al realizar el chek list se identifica que el mayor número de impactos negativos se generan en el recibo de pollos bebe, retiro de pollos para faenamiento y desinfección de galpones pero son no significativos, mientras que los impactos negativos de mayor significancia son generados por la matanza, pelado y lavado ya que afectan a la calidad del agua, mediante la elaboración de la matriz de Leopold se determinó que “POLLOS CAMPO” genera 54 impactos ambientales negativos y 17 positivos. De los negativos se identifican 42 cuyo impacto es no significativo, es decir que el 59,15% del total de impactos son casi imperceptibles para el ambiente, 6 tienen un impacto medianamente significativo, lo que quiere decir que el 8,5 % de los impactos generados alteran medianamente el ambiente, 2 son significativos negativos, es decir el 2,8% alteran significativamente el ambiente y 4 son altamente significativos negativos, es decir el 5,6%An Environmental Management Plan was designed for the production and slaughtering of broiler chickens on the premises of the poultry company “POLLOS CAMPO”, located in the province of Pichincha, Quito Canton, Yaruquí Parish, Otón de Vélez neighborhood. Not taking into account experimental treatments, in the analysis of the waters at input reported a BOD5 of 0,40 mgO2/L and at output that rose to 1016,25 mgO2/L, the COD at input was 0,8 mgO2/L and at output increased to 2065,75 mgO2/L, regarding the TS at input was measured at 113,25 mg/L and at output increased to 1754,75 mg/L, the SS at input was 1,75 mg/L which rose to 1127,5 mg/L at output. Thus the results showed that negative impacts were evident, as measured against environmental standards established by TULSMA (Unified Text on Subsidiary Legislation, Environment) however the environmental impact on water quality could be mitigated through the installation of a water treatment plant. A checklist identified that the highest number of negative impacts are generated through the receipt of chicks, removal of chickens for slaughter and disinfection of sheds, but that these impacts were not significant. The negative impacts with the highest significance for water quality were those generated by the slaughtering, plucking and washing of the poultry affecting the quality of water. By developing the Leopold matrix it was determined that “POLLOS CAMPO” generated 54 negative environmental impacts and 17 positive environmental impacts. Of the 54 negative impacts, 42 were identified as not significant, in other words, 59,15% of total impacts were almost imperceptible to the environment, six had a fairly significant impact, which means that 8,5% of the impacts moderately altered the environment, two were significant negative, i.e. 2,8% of the impacts significantly altered the environment and 4 were highly significantly negative, i.e. 5,6% of the total impacts