Data from: Managing hydropower dam releases for water users and imperiled fishes with contrasting thermal habitat requirements

1) The construction of dams on large rivers has negative impacts on native species. Environmental flows have been proposed as a tool to mitigate these impacts, but in order for these strategies to be effective they must account for disparate temperature and flow needs of different species. 2) We applied a multi-objective approach to identify tradeoffs in dam release discharge and temperature for imperiled warm- and cold-water fishes while simultaneously meeting the needs of human water users. 3) Using the Sacramento River (California, USA) as a case study, our model suggests that current management aimed at conserving an endangered cold-water species (winter-run Chinook salmon; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and providing high discharge for downstream water users has detrimental impacts on a threatened warm-water species (green sturgeon; Acipenser medirostris). 4) We developed an optimal dam release scenario that can be used to meet the needs of salmon, sturgeon, and human water users. Our results show that dam releases can be managed to successfully achieve these multiple objectives in all but the most severe drought years. Synthesis and applications This study shows that managing dam releases to meet the needs of a single species can have detrimental effects on other native species with different flow and temperature requirements. We applied a multi-objective approach to balance environmental requirements of multiple species with the needs of human water users. Our findings can be used to guide management of Shasta Dam and our approach can be applied to achieve multi-object management goals in other impounded rivers beyond California’s Sacramento River