Online Supplement

Online Supplementary data for the following article: Georgakis MK, Duering M, Wardlaw JM, Dichgans M. WMH and long-term outcomes in ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CONTENTS: e-Methods. Table e-1. Excluded articles and reasons for exclusion. Table e-2. Articles excluded due to overlapping populations with other eligible studies. Table e-3. Characteristics of eligible articles by examined outcomes. Table e-4. Quality score of eligible articles by examined outcomes, as assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Table e-5. Sensitivity analyses restricted to studies fulfilling each of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale quality prerequisites per scale item. Table e-6. Meta-regression analyses for the effect of different study characteristics on the association of white matter hyperintensities at baseline (moderate/severe vs. mild/none) with stroke outcomes. Table e-7. Assessment of publication bias with the Egger’s test in the analysis of the associations of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) with stroke outcomes. Figure e-1. Forest plots depicting the associations of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) with (A) dementia and (B) cognitive impairment. Figure e-2. Forest plots depicting the associations of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) with (A) any functional impairment, (B) functional impairment defined as mRS >1, and (C) functional impairment defined as mRS >2. Figure e-3. Forest plots depicting the associations of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) with (A) any recurrent stroke, and (B) recurrent ischemic stroke. Figure e-4. Forest plots depicting the associations of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) with (A) all-cause mortality, and (B) cardiovascular mortality. Figure e-5. Forest plots depicting the associations of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volume with any functional impairment. Figure e-6. Forest plots depicting the summary association estimates between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and study outcomes, when excluding studies based on secondary analyses of randomized controlled trials. Figure e-7. Forest plots depicting the summary association estimates between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and study outcomes derived from sensitivity analyses restricted to studies that have analyzed their data with Cox regression models and have provided Hazard Ratios as estimates of association. Figure e-8. Dose-response meta-analysis of the association of white matter hyperintensities burden at baseline with stroke outcomes in studies adjusting for age, stroke severity and cardiovascular risk factors. The graphs depict the restricted cubic spline derived effect estimates and their 95% confidence intervals for (A) dementia, (B) any functional impairment, (C) any recurrent stroke, and (D) all-cause mortality. Figure e-9. Funnel plots for the associations of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) with (A) dementia, (B) any functional impairment, (D) any recurrent stroke, and (D) all-cause mortality. e-References.