In mutualistic interactions, the decision whether to cooperate or cheat depends on the relative costs and benefits of each strategy. In pollination mutualisms, secondary nectar robbing is a facultative behavior employed by a diverse array of nectar-feeding organisms, and is thought to be a form of cheating. Primary robbers create holes in floral tissue through which they feed on nectar, whereas secondary robbers, which often lack chewing mouthparts, feed on nectar through existing holes. Because primary robbers make nectar more readily available to secondary robbers, primary robbers facilitate the behaviors of secondary robbers. However, the net effect of facilitation on secondary robber fitness has not been empirically tested: it is unknow...
Many plants that bear hidden or recessed floral nectar experience nectar robbing, the removal of nec...
How will the intrusion of other species that remove rewards without providing reciprocal services af...
How foragers cope with complexity in both needs and resources is a major question in behavioral ecol...
In mutualistic interactions, the decision whether to cooperate or cheat depends on the relative cost...
In mutualistic interactions, the decision whether to cooperate or cheat depends on the relative cost...
How do nectar-feeding animals choose among alternative flower-handling tactics? Such decisions have ...
Floral visitors in a Colorado bumblebee community engage in two main foraging tactics: nectar-robbin...
Mutualisms are only rarely one-to-one interactions: each species generally interacts with multiple m...
Mutualisms are only rarely one-to-one interactions: each species generally interacts with multiple m...
1. Plants interact simultaneously with both mutualists and antagonists. While webs of plant-animal i...
1. Plants interact simultaneously with both mutualists and antagonists. While webs of plant-animal i...
In southern England, Linaria vulgaris (common yellow toadflax) suffers from high rates of nectar rob...
1. Competition alters animal foraging, including promoting the use of alternative resources. It may ...
Many plants that bear hidden or recessed floral nectar experience nectar robbing, the removal of nec...
Many plants that bear hidden or recessed floral nectar experience nectar robbing, the removal of nec...
Many plants that bear hidden or recessed floral nectar experience nectar robbing, the removal of nec...
How will the intrusion of other species that remove rewards without providing reciprocal services af...
How foragers cope with complexity in both needs and resources is a major question in behavioral ecol...
In mutualistic interactions, the decision whether to cooperate or cheat depends on the relative cost...
In mutualistic interactions, the decision whether to cooperate or cheat depends on the relative cost...
How do nectar-feeding animals choose among alternative flower-handling tactics? Such decisions have ...
Floral visitors in a Colorado bumblebee community engage in two main foraging tactics: nectar-robbin...
Mutualisms are only rarely one-to-one interactions: each species generally interacts with multiple m...
Mutualisms are only rarely one-to-one interactions: each species generally interacts with multiple m...
1. Plants interact simultaneously with both mutualists and antagonists. While webs of plant-animal i...
1. Plants interact simultaneously with both mutualists and antagonists. While webs of plant-animal i...
In southern England, Linaria vulgaris (common yellow toadflax) suffers from high rates of nectar rob...
1. Competition alters animal foraging, including promoting the use of alternative resources. It may ...
Many plants that bear hidden or recessed floral nectar experience nectar robbing, the removal of nec...
Many plants that bear hidden or recessed floral nectar experience nectar robbing, the removal of nec...
Many plants that bear hidden or recessed floral nectar experience nectar robbing, the removal of nec...
How will the intrusion of other species that remove rewards without providing reciprocal services af...
How foragers cope with complexity in both needs and resources is a major question in behavioral ecol...