Supplementary Table 1

Observed contact incidences between apical plate pairs in echinoids along with topological index values. Abbreviations: OUT, outgroup representing the regular pattern; BI, basal Irregularia; BA, basal Atlostomata; H, Holasteroida; S, Spatangoida. EJ, Early Jurassic (Liassic); MJ, Middle Jurassic; LJ, Late Jurassic; EC, Early Cretaceous; LC, Late Cretaceous; PN, Paleogene and Neogene; P, Present day. OI to OV, ocular plates 1 to 5; G1 to G5, genital plates 1 to 5. Apical systems of reference specimens are from the literature and from specimens observed in collections. Collection specimens are from private collections: Clavel, Courville, Fournier, Vadet, and Votat. Collection specimens from academic collections are from: University of Burgundy, Dijon, France (UB), National History Museum, London, UK (NHM), Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Mass. (MCZ), Museu de Geologia, Barcelona, Spain (MGB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN), University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley (UCMP), Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia (SPU), University of Toulouse, France (UT), National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (USNM), Institute of Paleobiology of Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, Poland (PAS), Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK (SM), Museum of Lyon, France (ML), Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia (RAS), Département de Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences d’Agadir, Morocco (MAS), Museum of Grenoble, France (MG)