Análisis del índice de riesgo de la calidad del agua para consumo humano –irca y su relación con variables meteorológicas y ubicación geográfica para los departamentos cauca y caldas en los años 2012 -2013

The water that supplies water sources in the world abounds, although its distribution is not the most suitable for the benefit of human beings, hence the concept of shortage into abundance, furthermore, the offer of water resources for drinking water supply is conditional upon the quantity and quality of the source. Based on this, it carry out this study about the analysis of the Risk of Water Quality Index for Human Consumption (RWQI) and the influence of meteorological variables such as temperature and precipitation have on this, considering the geographic area of the departments of Cauca and Caldas in 2012 and 2013. Starting from the fact that the RWQI is a basic tool to guarantee the quality of water for human consumption, three specific objectives were established to identify and analyze the strength of relation between factors that can affect the level of risk index thus water quality, and then, propose alternatives and recommendations to mitigate the risk of contamination of the water supply. The project was developed in five (5) phases. The first was based on the search for information of the study area, where details of the departments of Cauca and Caldas was obtained and the criteria for selecting the data to be used were defined. In the second stage a correlation between RWQI parameters was performed, and the third the correlation of meteorological variables with the RWQI. To develop these phases, it was considered SIVICAP reports and weather information provided by IDEAM, achieving calculates correlations by Pearson coefficient method using the Microsoft Excel platform. Then the coefficients were classified according to the correlation strength, in order to identify and analyze the relationship between parameters of RWQI and the influence of meteorological variables precipitation and temperature in the RWQI. For the fourth stage, thematic maps were produced using the geographic information system ArcGIS, where RWQI information was represented by geographical characteristics and climatic conditions attached and thus to obtain a qualitative contrast to the years 2012 and 2013 in connection with the variables. Finally, alternative management, monitoring and control were performed according to the analyzed results. The study concludes that the turbidity has a strong relation with parameters such as Apparent Color, Escherichia coli and Total Coliforms, however, with parameters such as Phosphates, Manganese, Molybdenum, Zinc, Total Iron and Nitrates, it was not possible to make correlations for lack of information. Among the 22 parameters established by Resolution 2115 of 2007 just 10 to 14 parameters were reported in each municipality. The correlations between temperature and RWQI were not achieved, for lack of information. Though, the relationship between the geographical location (pending), rainfall and water quality was found to be the physiography of the place one of the most notable causes as to the risks that may occur in the area affecting the supply and quality drinking water. In order to propose improvements in the management and implementation of RWQI, management programs, monitoring and control systems for drinking water supply were made; improvement program for reporting of information by the provider entities, as these have incomplete data, in terms of total users served by each entity and the sampling points are not referenced; Finally, a program of mitigation of pollution was performed by natural emergencies, with the aim of taking control and prevention actions in case of occurrence