Análisis del índice de riesgo de la calidad del agua para consumo humano - IRCA y su relación con variables meteorológicas y ubicación geográfica para el departamento de Santander en los años 2012–2013

Colombia is part of the first countries worldwide water wealth, still high in some places and in others it is too low, this due to different climatic, topographic factors and the geographical distribution of the population in the country. The access to potable water quality continues to be a priority by the municipal authorities, departmental and entities responsible for the monitoring and control of water quality, which provide quality standards in the Decree 1575 of 2007, in order to decrease the level of risk of related diseases drinking water. The risk index Water Quality-IRCA was established in Decree 1575 of 2007 as a basic tool for controlling and monitoring the quality of water for human consumption, which took effect to Resolution 2115 of 2007 where it imparts calculation methodology and classification according to the microbiological, physical and chemical characteristics. This project\u27s main objective is to analyze the IRCA and its relation to the behavior of the precipitation and temperature within the geographic area of the department of Santander in the period 2012 - 2013, for which a correlational and explanatory methodology, divided into four (developed 4) main phases: the first exploratory phase was conducted to compile information from the reports of water quality department of Santander by the application SIVICAP, geographical information and weather information IGAC IDEAM also plans to consult development, POT, WHO, PAHO Departmental, Municipal and internationally. The second phase corresponded to the selection of representative information using criteria of quality and quantity of the data provided in the application of SIVICAP further processing and statistical management information IRCA by correlating parameters scatter diagrams and calculation the Pearson correlation coefficient to assess the impact of turbidity on the remaining 21 parameters or conversely how these affect the turbidity in the water. Phase 3 evaluates the impact of weather variables (temperature and precipitation) and in the IRCA physiographic, performing comparative scatter diagrams between the behavior of the precipitation and IRCA in the same period, on the other hand the meteorological variables were correlated linearly with the IRCA, this correlation was analyzed based on the calculation of the coefficient of Pearson correlation and strength. At this stage I represent in thematic maps IRCA behavior classified according to the risk to human health generate together the percentage distribution of the amount of supplied data in the SIVICAP city. As a final phase all the information used to generate alternatives and recommendations of the shortcomings in the management, control and surveillance of the IRCA database was compiled. According to the results of the project deficiency was found in the reporting of information on parameters such as manganese, molybdenum, aluminum and fluorides, for 2012 no information was not provided in the municipalities of Floridablanca and Santa Helena del Opon. In general correlations for the two years they were presented in about 82 municipalities where the strength exhibited strong correlation between turbidity, apparent color and total iron. With regard to weather variables were only 13 municipalities due to the availability of weather information, values were obtained strong correlation with respect to precipitation and almost none with respect to temperature. Thematic maps made in the distribution of risk in the Department of Santander was represented, the behavior of IRCA in some municipalities where representative number of samples presented during the year such as: Barrancabermeja, Mogotes, San Gil, Piedecuesta, Rio Black, Málaga, Socorro and Suaita. Finally recommendations to management approach to government agencies and consideration of the meteorological variables studied were generated; within which the municipal Health Secretariats should provide the information for the number of population served by person providing the service, as well as greater coverage in the treatment of water in rural areas. Government agencies should assess the real situation of each municipality in terms of strengths, needs and gaps in providing effective solutions development plans and government plans. Moreover it should be noted the importance in measuring the chemical characteristics that are recognized adverse effect on human health and not only in basic features