Types and Properties of Machine-Readable Codes

QR kod je matrični oblik barkoda čije su glavne značajke veliki kapacitet pohrane, brzo očitavanje i ispravljanje pogrešaka. Sastoji se od crno-bijelih modula koji tvore uzorke. Postoji nekoliko vrsti uzoraka koji su neophodni za pravilno funkcioniranje koda te se oni nazivaju funkcijski uzorci, a ostali čine područje za kodiranje. Uz strukturu, u radu su opisani procesi kodiranja i dekodiranja kao i razlike u kapacitetima kod različitih verzija. Osim klasičnog QR-a, postoje nekoliko njegovih varijacija koje se razlikuju po izgledu, mogućnostima i primjenama. Nadalje, unatoč velikom kapacitetu pohrane, postoji mnogo načina kako ga još povećati. U ovom radu je opisano je nekoliko najčešćih načina koji rade na principu korištenja više boja ili sažimanja podataka prije kodiranja u QR. Danas postoje i mnogi drugi kodovi dvodimenzionalnog oblika, a u ovom radu su ukratko navedeni neki od njih koji su izgledom slični QR-u, poput PDF417, MaxiCoda i DataMatrix koda. Na kraju je dana njihova usporedba s QR kodom.QR Code is a matrix barcode whose main features are large storage capacity, fast decoding and correcting errors. It consists of black and white modules which together form patterns. There are several types of patterns that are necessary for the code to work properly and are called „functioning patterns“. The rest of them make up the encoding region. In addition to the structure, this thesis describes the processes of coding and decoding, as well as the differences in capacities between different versions. Besides classic QR, there are many variations of it that vary in appearance, features and applications. Moreover, despite having large storage capacity, there are many ways for its further increasing. This thesis describes some of the most common types of modes based on the principle of using multiple colors or compressing data before coding in QR. Many other two-dimensional codes exist today, and this paper briefly lists some of them whose appearance is similar to QR, such as PDF417, MaxiCode and DataMatrix code. The thesis concludes with their comparison to the QR code