Expressive possibilities of various puppetry techniques

U ovom diplomskom radu govori se o izražajnim mogućnostima različitih lutkarskih tehnika. Lutka u dječjem svijetu ima čudesnu moć. Koristeći svakodnevno lutke u malim lutkarskim formama, odgojitelj može lakše uspostaviti komunikaciju sa svakim djetetom u skupini. Svako dijete je individua za sebe i zato odgojitelj treba biti kompetentan prepoznati njihove potrebe i interese i zadovoljiti ih. Istraživanja pokazuju da odgojitelji, koji koriste lutku u komunikaciji s djecom, uviđaju njezine beskrajne mogućnosti za realizaciju mnogih odgojno-obrazovnih ciljeva. Ti ciljevi se uz lutku ostvaruju na prirodan način kao logičan slijed događaja. Pružimo li djeci mogućnost da se kroz igru uključe u male lutkarske forme, ona uče različite oblike sporazumijevanja, razvijaju doživljaj različitih životnih situacija, uče socijalno ponašanje, izražavanje, oslobađanje i preusmjeravanje emocija, uspostavljaju prijateljstva, jačaju empatiju, stvaraju međusobne odnose poštujući dogovorena pravila. Istraživanja također pokazuju da dramske aktivnosti poput sudjelovanja u malim lutkarskim formama, pozitivno utječu na dječju maštu, govor i emocije. Jasno se da zaključiti da male lutkarske forme pozitivno utječu na cjelokupan razvoj djeteta. Svrha je ovog rada prikazati izražajne mogućnosti različitih lutkarskih tehnika, kakvo značenje lutka ima kod djece, kako se odgojitelji mogu njome služiti, koje vrste lutaka sve postoje, kako ih izrađivati s djecom te predstaviti vlastite primjere malih lutkarskih formi u radu s djecom predškolskog uzrasta.This dissertation covers the expressive possibilities of various puppetry techniques with regards to working with children in a professional setting. In the world of children, puppets have great significance and power. Using puppets, an early years teacher can more easily establish verbal and non-verbal communication with every child in a group. Every child is an individual which is why a teacher must be capable of recognising their needs and interests. Research shows that teachers who use puppets in daily communication with children can incorporate them in achieving many educational and developmental goals. Those goals are realized in natural way, as logical order of events. If children are given the possibility of incorporating puppets in their play, they can learn a means of communicating, build confidence in their own abilities, learn socially acceptable behaviour, establish friendships, strengthen their ability to empathise and learn to respect rules and boundaries in relationships. Research also shows that dramatic activities such as participating in small form puppetry has a positive effect on a child’s ability to think, on their imagination and their verbal skills and, in a gentle and joyful way, on their emotions. It can be concluded that small form puppetry, where the main protagonist is a puppet, has great potential to help the development of the child as a whole. The purpose of this work is to show the meaning a puppet has to a child, how an early years teacher can use puppets, the range of puppets that exist, how to make them with children, and to present personal examples of using puppets with children in a preschool environment