Alternative systems in table eggs production

U proizvodnji konzumnih jaja razlikujemo intenzivno i ekstranzivno držanje kokoši nesilica. Intenzvnim držanjem smatramo držanje u klasičnim i u obogaćenim kavezima. Alternativi sustavi držanja su slobodno, poluintenzivno, podno i etažno držanje. Alternativnim sustavim držanja pokušavaju se poboljšati životni uvijeti nesilica i smanjiti im stresna stanja kao što su bol, patnja i strah. Nesilice su u mogućnosti ispoljiti svoje bihevioralne potrebe. Zahjevaju više ljudskog rada i imaju manje prinose. U proizvodnji se najčešće koriste hibridne pasmine nesilica koji imaju veću nesivost.a dijelimo ih na hibride za proizvodnju jaja sa smeđom ljuskom i hibride za proizvodnju jaja sa bijelom ljuskom. Načini držanja imaju utjecaj na kvalitetu jaja, a parametri na koje značajno utječu su masa jaja, masa bjelanjka i ljuske, čvrstoća i debljina ljuske, boj žumanjka, HJ i pH bjelanjka i žumanjka.In egg production there are two types of production: intensive and extensive laying hens farming. Under intensive farming hens are held in classic or in enriched cages. Alternative systems of laying hens farming are free-range,semi-intesive, afloor breeding and aviaries. Alternative systems are trying to achieve better living conditions for laying hens and reduce stressful conditions such as pain, suffering and fear so that they can fulfil their behavioral needs. It demands more of human labor and has less yield. In egg production are generally used hybrid breeds of hens that have a higher yield and they are divided into hybrids for brown eggs shell production and hybrids for white eggs shell production. The way hens are held has an impact on the quality of eggs and parameters that this effects are mass of the egg, mass of egg white and shell, shells hardness and thickness, yolk color, Haugh units i pH of egg white and yolk