Development of urban types based on network centrality, built density and their impact on pedestrian movement

A better understanding of the relationship between the built environment and urban processes is\ua0central in guiding urban processes in more sustainable trajectories. Of particular importance to\ua0this endeavour is the idea of urban types. However, on closer scrutiny, while such types may\ua0capture the symbolic dimension of urban form, they frequently do not capture its performance or\ua0functional dimension. This prohibits precise policy formulation on the topic. This paper first\ua0presents a methodology for generating urban types relevant to urban practice (using analytical\ua0and statistical methods) and, second, an empirical test of the differences in performance concerning\ua0their influence on the presence of people in public space (an essential driver of many\ua0other urban processes). For this reason, a large (and to our knowledge unique) pedestrian survey\ua0of three European metropolitan areas was conducted and used to test the performance of the\ua0urban types developed. The results prove that the methodology for developing the types is\ua0robust, as it picks up generally recognised spatial patterns in all three cities. Further, the types\ua0were able to explain the intensity of pedestrian flow, its spatial distribution and fluctuations of\ua0intensity in space and time. These are vital steps forward and provide more useable typologies in\ua0urban planning and design practice