Cell death

Stanična smrt je visoko organiziran stanični proces važan u regulaciji i održavanju homeostaze te diferencijaciji i diobi stanica. Za razliku od slučajne smrti stanice koja nastaje kao posljedica akutne ozljede, programirana stanična smrt stanice takozvana apoptoza, je aktivan proces koji štiti organizam od štetnih utjecaja iz okoline te je važan u održavanju normalnih fizioloških uvjeta. Apoptoza kao oblik stanične smrti je obično potaknuta zdravim procesima u tijelu, dok je nekroza oblik stanične smrti potaknut nekim patofiziološkim stanjem ili vanjskim čimbenicima. Osim u održavanju homeostaze apoptoza je obrambeni mehanizam i u procesu liječenja te je gotovo uvijek korisna za organizam, dok je nekroza uvijek štetna. Odrastao organizam uspostavlja dinamičnu ravnotežu između dioba stanica i metaboličkih puteva (odnosno reakcija katabolizma i anabolizma). Starenjem organizma dolazi do nakupljanja grešaka i/ili mutacija u procesu programirane stanične smrti. Cilj ovog završnog rada je objasniti mehanizme, morfološke i biokemijske osobine različitih vrsta stanične smrti te način njihove regulacije.Cell death is a highly organized cellular process that is equally complex in regulating and maintaining homeostasis as well as differentiation and cell division. In contrast to the accidental death of a cell resulting from acute injury, programmed cell death called apoptosis, which is an active process and protects the organism from harmful effects from the environment or maintaining normal physiological conditions. While apoptosis is a form of cell death that is usually stimulated by healthy processes in the body, necrosis is a form of cell death induced by some pathophysiological conditions or external factors. Apoptosis, apart from maintaining homeostasis, stands out as a defense mechanism during the treatment process and is almost always useful for organizing, while necrosis is always harmful. The adult body establishes a dynamic balance between cell division and metabolic pathways (including catabolism and anabolic reactions) but with aging, errors and / or mutations in the programmed cell death process occur. The aim of this final work was to explain the mechanisms, morphological and biochemical properties and regulation of different types of cell deaths