Determination of performance characteristic of a Pelton turbine model

U radu eksperimentalnim ispitivanjem istražene su radne karakteristike umanjenog modela Peltonove turbine proizvođača TecQuipment. Ispitivana je hidraulička snaga smanjivanjem protoka na lopatice turbine, tj. prigušenjem mlaznica. Ispitivana je i mehanička snaga koju model turbine daje na svom izlazu tj. na vratilu. Za mehaničku snagu ispitivanja su provedena tri puta gdje je za svaki eksperiment bio različit protok. Izmjerene vrijednosti su prikazane grafički sa prikazom mjernih točaka i projiciranih parabola. Karakteristike ispitivanja modela Pelton turbine dobivene su iz rezultata mjerenja tlaka pumpe, protoka, brzine okretanja vratila na modelu turbine i momenta. Za svako od mjerenja su objašnjene mjerne tehnike uz pomoć kojih je dobivena izmjerena vrijednost. Na kraju rada su izračunate korisnosti modela Pelton turbine preko hidrauličke i mehaničke snage koje su dobivene eksperimentalnim ispitivanjem. Dobiveni rezultati su prikazani grafički parabolom i prikazuju korisnost u ovisnosti o broju okretaja i protoka. Preko jednadžbe parabole izračunata je korisnost za protoke koji se nisu mogli dobiti eksperimentalno zbog slabe osjetljivosti pri niskom broju okretaja i nepreciznosti pri visokom broju okretaja.The experimental tests examined the performance of the reduced model Pelton turbine manufactured by TecQuipment. The study has been made on the hydraulic power reducing the flow on the turbine blades, i.e. damping nozzle. The study has been made on the mechanical power that the turbine model provides at its output, i.e. on the shaft. For the mechanical strength tests were conducted three times where for each experiment was a different flow. The measured values are displayed graphically showing the measurement points and the projected parabola. The performance characteristics of the Pelton turbine model tests were obtained from the results of measuring the pump pressure, flow, shaft speed on the turbine model and torque. Each measurement of the measurement techniques were described by which the measured value was obtained. Upon conclusion of the study was calculated the efficiency of the model Pelton turbine over hydraulic and mechanical power obtained by experimental tests. The results are shown graphically by a parabola and demonstrating the efficiency in dependence on the speed and the flow rate. Through the equation of the parabola is calculated the usefulness of the floe which could not be obtained experimentally due to poor sensitivity at low engine speeds and inaccuracies at high speed