Waste incineration technologies

Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je obraditi različite tehnologije spaljivanja otpada te ukazati na njihove prednosti i nedostatke. Glavne prednosti spalionice otpada su smanjenje volmena otpada za 95% te mogućnost proizvodnje energije i topline spaljivanjem otpada. Glavni nedostaci spalionice otpada su visoki početni troškovi te njen štetan utjecaj na okoliš zbog emisija onečišćujučih plinova. Također, u radu je opisana proizvodnja energije iz biomase sa tehnikama koje uključuju spaljivanje otpada. U eksperimentalnom dijelu diplomskog rada provedena je energetsko ekonomska analiza potencijalne spalionice otpada u Primorsko goranskoj županiji na području grada Rijeke. Za odabrani kapacitet spalionice od 100 000 tona otpada na godinu te provedeni proračun unutarnje stope povrata investicije, pokazalo se je da bi spalionica otpada u Primorsko goranskoj županiji bila ekonomski isplativa. Također, u radu je zaključeno da je naknada za zbrinjavanje otpada od velike važnosti za ukupnu isplativost spalionice otpada jer su njeni prihodi veći od prihoda prodaje električne i toplinske energije, kao i od prihoda prodaje izdvojenih metala. Za lokaciju potencijalne spalinice otpada je odabrano područje sadašnjeg ŽCGO Marišćina u Rijeci, zbog manjih troškova prijevoza otpada, te manjih troškova izgradnje prometne infrastrukture oko spalionice otpada.The goal of this master thesis was to study different technologies of waste incineration and to point out their advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages of a waste incineration are the reduction of waste volume by 95% and the possibility of producing energy and heat by burning waste. The main disadvantages of a waste incinerator are the high initial costs and its adverse environmental impact due to the emissions of polluting gases. Also, the paper describes the production of energy from biomass using techniques involving the incineration of waste. In the experimental part of the master thesis, an energy-economic analysis of a potential waste incinerator was conducted in the Primorsko goranska county in the area of a city Rijeka. The selected incinerator capacity of 100,000 tonnes of waste per year and the implemented calculation of the internal rate of return have shown that the incinerator in Primorsko goranska county would be economically viable. Also, the paper concluded that the revenue from waste disposal is of great importance for the overall cost-effectiveness of a incineration plant, since its revenues are higher than those of the sale of electricity and heat, as well as of the sales of separated metals. The selected location of the potential waste incinerator was in the area of the current CCWM Marišćina in Rijeka, due to lower costs of transporting waste and lower costs of construction of transport infrastructure around the waste incinerator