Interfaces of (Ultra)thin Polymer Films in Organic Electronics

In this short review the energy level alignment of interfaces involving solution-processed conjugated polymer (and soluble small molecules) films is described. Some general material properties of conjugated polymers and their solution-processed films are introduced, and the basic physics involved in energy level alignment at their interfaces is then discussed. An overview of energy level bending in (ultra)thin conjugated polymer films (often referred to as "band bending") is given and the effects of ion-containing interlayers typically used in organic electronic devices such as polymer light emitting diodes and organic bulk heterojunction solar cells are explored. The review finishes by describing a few of the available computational models useful for predicting and/or modeling energy level alignment at interfaces of solution-processed polymer films and discusses their respective strengths and weaknesses.Funding Agencies|Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [SE13-0060]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation project "Tail of the Sun"; Swedish Research Council [2016-05498]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO Mat LiU) [2009 00971]; Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in research and Higher Education [CH2017-7163]