Effects of whole-body vibration in patients with chronic low back pain

Uvod: Kronična bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta predstavlja eno izmed najpogostejših okvar gibalnega sistema v razvitem svetu. Povezana je s povečanjem telesne nezmožnosti in z odsotnostjo od dela. Telesna dejavnost velja za učinkovito intervencijo pri obvladovanju in zdravljenju te vrste bolečine. Nekateri posamezniki zaradi pridruženih bolezni in intenzivnosti določenih oblik telesne dejavnosti v le-teh žal ne morejo sodelovati. Priljubljenost uporabe vibracijske vadbe se je povečala v zadnjem desetletju tako pri zdravih posameznikih kot tudi pri osebah s kronično bolečino v spodnjem delu hrbta. Vibracijska vadba naj bi zmanjšala bolečino, izboljšala ravnotežje, gibljivost in mišično moč ter tako vplivala na kvaliteto življenja. Namen: Ugotoviti, kakšne učinke ima vibracijska vadba pri osebah s kronično bolečino v spodnjem delu hrbta. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda raziskovanja. Pregledana je bila strokovna in znanstvena literatura podatkovnih zbirk COBISS+, PEDro in PubMed. Uporabili smo 6 ustreznih poročil o raziskavah, objavljenih med letoma 2002 in 2018. Rezultati: Raziskave so preučevale učinke vibracijske vadbe pri osebah s kronično bolečino v spodnjem delu hrbta. Ugotovljeni pozitivni učinki vibracijske vadbe so bili zmanjšanje občutenja bolečine, večja mišična zmogljivost, boljše ravnotežje in gibljivost. Zmožnost se je prav tako izboljšala, depresivnost pa se je zmanjšala med vadbenim programom. Bolečina se je najbolj zmanjšala po dvanajsttedenskem vadbenem programu in trajanjem vadbene enote štiri minute dvakrat tedensko in enkrat tedensko po sedem minut. Najmanj učinkovita za zmanjšanje bolečine je bila vadba s frekvenco dvakrat na teden ter trajanju vadbe 1 minuto na začetku vadbenega programa in nato 6 minut proti koncu vadbenega programa. Večji učinek na zmanjšanje bolečine je imela vadba z dinamičnimi kontrakcijami mišic. Telesna nezmožnost se je tekom vadbenih programov zmanjšala, nekaj tednov po zaključku le-teh pa zopet povečala. Zmogljivost mišic trupa se je tekom vadbenih programov povečala. Horizontalna vibracijska vadba je enako učinkovita kot vertikalna vibracijska vadba. Razprava in zaključek: Kronična bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta je zelo pogost simptom različnih bolezenskih stanj ali drugih okvar. Rezultati kažejo, da je vibracijska vadba učinkovita pri tej vrsti bolečine. Lahko se uporablja kot sredstvo za obvladovanje bolečine ter drugih posledic le-te ali kot dodatek oz. v kombinaciji z ostalimi fizioterapevtskimi postopki.Introduction: Chronic low-back pain presents one of the most common problems of the general population nowadays. Physical activity is an effective intervention when controlling and treating this kind of pain. It relates to increasing physical disability and to being absent from work. Because of multimorbidity and intensive exercise programs, some people unfortunately cannot participate in them. The popularity of whole-body vibration has increased over the last decade when referring to healthy individuals as well as patients with chronic low-back pain. It is expected that whole-body vibration reduces pain, improves balance, flexibility and muscle strength and thus affects the quality of life. Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to determine how whole-body vibration affects patients with chronic low-back pain. Methods: A descriptive method of research was used. Professional and scientific literature was reviewed in COBISS+, PEDro and PubMed. We used 6 studies, which were published between the years 2002 and 2018. Results: The studies investigated the effects of whole-body vibration on patients with chronic low-back pain. The positive effects mentioned are the reduction of pain sensation and disability, better muscle performance, balance and flexibility, and the reduction of depression (during the exercise protocol) among these patients. The pain decreased the most when the protocol lasted 12 weeks and when an exercise unit lasted 4 minutes 2 times a week at first and then 7 minutes once a week. Pain decreased the least when an exercise unit lasted 1 minute and then 6 minutes, both 2 times a week. More efficient than that was the exercise with dynamic contractions. Disability decreased during exercise protocols, but then increased again a few weeks after the end. Trunk muscle performance increased during exercise protocols. The horizontal whole-body vibration is as effective as the vertical whole-body vibration. Discussion and conclusion: Chronic low-back pain is a very common symptom of different diseases or disabilities. The results reveal that the whole-body vibration exercises are effective when treating this kind of pain. They can be used as a modality for controlling pain and effects of the pain or as an addition in combination to other physiotherapeutic procedures