Functional tests for lower limbs after anterior cruciate ligament injury

V današnjem, sodobnem svetu, ko se ljudje vse več ukvarjajo s športnimi aktivnostmi, to pomeni tudi vse več poškodb. Ena izmed zelo pogostih je poškodba sprednje križne vezi. Ker se profesionalni športniki, kot tudi neprofesionalni športniki, želijo po takšnih in drugačnih poškodbah čimprej vrniti v normalen življenjski ritem, je rehabilitacija pri tem ključna. Vrnitev v šport po zaključeni rehabilitacija je zelo pomembna in smo želeli narediti kratek pregled možnih in do sedaj preverjenih in uporabljenih funkcionalnih testiranj gibal, ki pomagajo pri objektivizaciji te problematike. Pregled področja zajema preproste funkcionalne teste, izokinetična testiranja mišične jakosti, teste posturalne stabilnosti ter meritve skoka z eno nogo pri pacientih po rekonstrukciji sprednje križne vezi. Pregled literature pokaže, da so funkcionalni testi pomemben napovedovalec oziroma indikator funkcionalnosti kolena po rekonstrukciji sprednje križne vezi, ki pomagajo k objektivizaciji odločanja o vrnitvi v šport po poškodbi in zaključeni rehabilitaciji. V uvodnem delu je podrobno opisan kolenski sklep in vse strukture, ki ga obdajajo, nato pa je predstavljena biomehanika kolenskega sklepa, ter mehanizmi poškodbe sprednje križne vezi oziroma kako do poškodbe sploh pride. Poznavanje vseh teh podatkov je ključnega pomena za uspešno opravljeno rehabilitacijo ter tudi načrtovanje kasnejših funkcionalnih testov. V glavnem delu so predstavljene raziskave, katere opisujejo in preverjajo različna funkcionalna testiranja gibal, po poškodbi in rekonstrukciji sprednje križne vezi. Vsaka raziskava posebej na podlagi rezultatov meritev predstavlja pridobljene rezultate, s tem pa dokazuje, katere meritve nam dajejo najbolj zanesljive podatke za pomoč med procesom rehabilitacije in katere niso tako primerne. Za vsako izmed meritev je podan podroben postopek izvedbe in na kaj moramo biti pozorni, ko jih opravljamo. Zaključek diplomskega dela vsebuje strnjen povzetek vseh funkcionalnih testiranj gibal, ki so v spodaj opisanih raziskavah dokazana kot najbolj primerna za učinkovito opravljen proces rehabilitacije.In today\u27s modern world, when people are increasingly involved in sports activities, this also means more and more injuries. One of the very common injury is damage of the anterior cruciate ligament. Because professional athletes, as well as non-professional athletes, want to return to their normal rhythm as soon as possible after such and other injuries, rehabilitation is crucial. Returning to sport after rehabilitation is very important and we wanted to give a brief overview of the possible and so far verified and used functional tests that helps in objectifying this issue. Area of examination covers simple functional tests, isokinetic muscle strength tests, postural stability tests, and single-leg jump measurements in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A review of the literature reveals that functional tests are an important predictor or indicator of knee functionality after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, which helps to objectify decision making about returning to sport after injury and completed rehabilitation. The introductory part describes in detail the knee joint and all the structures that surround it and then presents the biomechanics of the knee joint, as well as the mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament damage or how the injury occurs at all. Knowledge of all this information is crucial to successfully completing rehabilitation as well as planning for later functional tests. The main part presents the research that describes and verifies the various functional tests after damage and reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Each survey individually, based on the results of the measurements, presents the obtained results, thus proving which measurements give us the most reliable data to assist during the rehabilitation process and which are not as appropriate. For each measurement, a detailed implementation process is given and what we need to pay attention to when performing them. The conclusion of the diploma thesis contains a concise summary of all functional tests, which have been proven in the described studies as the most suitable for the successfully completed rehabilitation process