Different terms of mechanical pruning in intensive apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards

Pri intenzivni tehnologiji pridelave jablane je rez eden izmed ključnih tehnoloških ukrepov. Poznamo gojitveno rez in rez na rodnost. V zadnjih letih vse bolj uvajamo v nasade strojno rez. Ta je lahko del gojitvene rezi, kot tudi rezi na rodnost. Strojna ali mehanska rez se vedno bolj uporablja, saj nam močno olajša ročno rez. Naprava za strojno rez ni samohodna, ampak mora biti priključena na traktor. Za lažje izvajanje strojne rezi je treba imeti traktor s prednjo hidravliko. Poznamo več terminov za izvajanje strojne rezi, ti so po obiranju, v fazi mirovanja, v fazi tik pred cvetenjem, takoj po cvetenju, strojna rez v fazi 8 – 12 listov na enoletnih poganjkih in strojna rez 2 tedna pred obiranjem. Termini za rez niso enaki v vseh sadovnjakih. Prilagajati se moramo tem terminom glede na stanje našega sadovnjaka. Strojna rez v Sloveniji ni tako razširjena in se izvaja večinoma pozimi. Možnosti strojnih rezi je več in se ne bi smela uporabljati le pozimi, ampak bi se morala koristiti v več terminih za doseganje kakovostnejšega in količinsko večjega pridelka, kot tudi nižanja stroškov človeške delovne sile. Dosedanje izkušnje strojne rezi kažejo, da ima Slovenija velik potencial za izvajanje tega ukrepa.Pruning is one of the most important agrotechnological measures in intensive apple orchards. Two different types of pruning are used, one in orchards where the tree crown is still forming according to the training system and the second one in orchards which are in full yield. In recent years, mechanical pruning has been increasingly introduced into plantations. Mechanical pruning can be a part of cultivation cut and also part of cut for fruitfulness of trees. This kind of pruning is increasingly used as it makes it much easier for us to cut manually after mechanical pruning. The pruning machine is not self-propelled but must be connected to a tractor. It is necessary to have tractor with front hydraulics to facilitate the machine cut. There are several terms for performing mechanical pruning, which are after harvesting, in the resting phase, in the phase immediately before flowering, immediately after flowering, machine cut in phase 8–12 leaves on annual shoots and mechanical pruning 2 weeks before harvesting. The timing fort he cut is not the same across all orchards. We need to adapt to these dates according to the condition of our orchard. The mechanical pruning is not widespread in Slovenia and is mostly done in winter. There are more dates of mechanical pruning and it should not be used only in winter, but it should be used in several terms to produce higher quality and quantitiy yields, as well as to reduce the cos tof human labor. The experience of mechanical pruning so far shows that Slovenia has great potential for implementing this measure