Status Courts

This Article identifies and analyzes a new type of specialized problemsolving court: status courts. Status courts are criminal or quasicriminal courts dedicated to defendants who are members of particular status groups, such as veterans or girls. They differ from other problemsolving courts, such as drug or domestic violence courts, in that nothing about the status court offender or the offense he or she committed presents a systemic problem to be solved. In fact, status courts aim to honor the offender\u27s experience and strengthen the offender\u27s association with the characteristic used to sort him or her into court. This Article positions status courts as both a troubling and promising development in the evolution of problem-solving justice, in particular, and criminal justice reform, generally. It reveals that status courts institutionalize the notion that certain offenders, by virtue of their inclusion in a particular status group, deserve better treatment than others. This moral sorting provides an expressive release that may, counterintuitively, disincentivize widespread systemic reform. And yet, while status courts present cause for concern, they also advance a positive, and possibly transformative, notion: that some individuals commit criminal offenses, at least in part, because of the influence of external factors beyond their control. In this way, status courts challenge the retributive notion that criminal offenders are wholly independent, rational actors and counterbalance the othering effect of many current criminal justice practices. Because the rise of retributive ideals played a prominent role in ramping up the penal machinery over the past few decades, embracing this new, contextualized conceptualization of criminal offenders- beyond the status court context- can temper the tendency to over-incarcerate