Effectiveness Monitoring - Time and Space Matter

The goal of this talk is to provide an understanding of how we can link environmental change to management actions. So called effectiveness monitoring connotes a single-minded approach to linking restoration with response in an ecosystem. A more holistic concept of effectiveness monitoring will be presented where many different types of monitoring can be employed in an EM context depending on scale (time and space). The framework of adaptive management will be discussed to help define expectations of scale that mangers and policy-makers expect. Examples relevant to Puget Sound will be shown that illustrate a continuum of monitoring that is responsive on different scales. The audience will understand that while ecosystem change may be slow for outcomes of interest, scientists can help policy-makers identify intermediate metrics that are more responsive in an adaptive management framework